考虑环境因素的区域创新效率研究——基于三阶段DEA方法

以往研究在测算区域创新的效率时并未考虑环境因素的影响。本文以中国省级数据为基础,应用三阶段DEA方法,在控制环境因素的基础上考察了我国区域创新的效率问题。研究表明,我国区域创新的效率较低,且其原因主要是由于规模效率不高所致;与经典DEA方法相比,三阶段DEA方法的测算结果更符合经济现实,更能客观地反映各地区的创新效率水平。本文结论为我国创新型国家建设的效率改进提供了启示。     

Evaluating green supply chain management among Chinese manufacturers from the ecological modernization perspective

Green supply chain management (GSCM) has become an emergent ecological modernization tool amongst Chinese manufacturers to balance environmental performance with productivity and business performance gains. Ecological modernization at the society level is influenced by restructuring policies and regulations. Some of these policies and regulations in China are focusing on enhancing energy savings and pollution reduction (ESPR). Based on a survey of 376 responses, we investigate whether different Chinese manufacturer clusters varying in their extent of implementing GSCM exist from this ecological modernization perspective. We also examine if Chinese manufacturers’ awareness of domestic and international environmental ESPR-oriented compliance is related to GSCM implementation and whether a mediating effect of regulatory pressure plays a significant role. The results highlight the varying pace of Chinese manufacturers to ecologically modernize with GSCM practices and the significance of regulatory pressure to diffuse the practices adoption by Chinese manufacturing industry. Implications of this research go beyond the manufacturers investigated in this study where similar occurrence of these relationships may exist in other regions.     

金融生态环境与北京金融中心建设

金融中心建设与金融生态环境,二者相辅相成,相互影响。本文在解析金融生态环境内涵的基础上,分析了北京金融生态环境建设的现状和存在的问题,并提出了优化金融生态环境,打造北京金融中心的思路。     

基于DEA方法的广东科技与金融结合效益评价

本文采用数据包络分析方法(DEA)对全国各省、市、自治区金融投入与科技产出结合的效益进行评价,并对DEA测评结果进行深入分析,发现影响广东科技与金融结合效益的主要原因是金融投入的结构与科技产出的阶段不相协调以及金融投入资源的管理效率较低,从而为广东探索科技与金融结合的路径与对策选择提供决策依据。     

鄱阳湖生态经济区旅游产业密集带的发展研究

鄱阳湖生态经济区一体化演进推动旅游产业在区域内不断集聚。环鄱区内旅游业地缘关系紧密,通过分析旅游产业密集带旅游资源、旅游市场与旅游企业发展水平现状,针对旅游产业密集带构建中存在的缺乏整体旅游规划、旅游内部发展不平衡与利益补偿机制不完善问题,提出应采取政府主导、企业运作、社区参与的旅游合作发展模式。     

世界各国电机能效政策介绍及能效水平对比分析

世界各国的电机能效标准中,强制性执行的有美国、欧盟、中国、澳大利亚等10多个国家和地区。本文结合我国电机能效标准,介绍了世界各主要国家和地区的电机能效政策及标准实施情况,并对各国正在执行的电机能效水平进行对比,找出我国电机能效水平与国际能效水平的异同与不足,以供出口电机企业参考。     

引致需求、路网密度与中国道路运输业营运绩效评价——基于DEA模型与面板Tobit的两阶段分析

本文基于产出导向的BCC-DEA模型对中国道路运输业在2000-2009年期间的营运效率进行了测算,并采用受限随机效应面板Tobit模型检验了各种外部环境因素对于道路运输业营运效率的影响;此外,还结合基于非参数DEA的Malmquist生产率指数,对中国道路运输业全要素生产率进行了动态评价。实证结果显示,纯技术效率较低是中国道路运输业营运效率较低的主要原因,而且突发性外部环境冲击是道路运输业营运效率出现较大幅度波动的重要因素;样本期间内道路运输业全要素生产率呈现出较为平稳的增长态势,这主要得益于道路运输业较为明显的技术进步;单位面积生产总值等引致需求因素以及公铁基础设施等路网密度因素,均是影响道路运输业营运效率的重要因素。     

Allocative vs. technical spectrum efficiency

Achieving allocative and technically efficient spectrum management is a key aspect of deregulatory reforms in several OECD countries. However, reform legislation offers few clues as to how these objectives should rank when they conflict with one another. An ‘innocent’ prior acquisition of service-neutral spectrum at an efficiently run auction may prove allocative efficient but fail to be technically efficient if the spectrum is left fallow in the short term. Accountability for the productive usage of a public resource and pressures from short-term political cycles may induce regulators to mandate some minimal level of activity. Two plausible regulatory responses are considered: use it or lose it clauses and spectrum trading incentives. The former favours technical efficiency whilst the latter promotes allocative efficiency. The argument is formalised in a simple economic model buttressing the roles of uncertainty and transaction costs to assert the primacy of allocative efficiency over technical efficiency.     

Technical,quality and environmental efficiency of the olive oil industry

This paper studies the level of technical efficiency in the olive oil industry from a multi-output perspective, and examines olive oil production in quantitative and qualitative terms. The study also covers the environmental impact of the production process. These are key issues due to the current environmental, organoleptic and food traceability requirements of the EU Common Agricultural Policy (CAP). Furthermore, product differentiation is sought after in today’s ever more demanding markets. The production of olive oil in Andalusia (Spain) is the most important agricultural food industry in the whole region and it represents 30% of world olive oil production. Three data sources have been used: a comprehensive survey to a sample of olive oil producers, their financial reports, and the opinion of a group of experts in olive oil production techniques interviewed by means of the Delphi survey. With this data and after the construction of indicators, a production frontier is elaborated by applying an extension of the Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) technique. This will allow for the measuring of the relative technical efficiency indices and set specific efficiency indices for both the quality of the oil produced and the environmental impact of the production process. Those factors impacting on efficiency are determined by a truncated regression model with bootstrap. The results show a medium–high level of relative technical efficiency and highlight the importance of efficiency factors involving production and marketing associations.     

低碳经济发展的重要实现途径:生态资本运营

低碳经济发展不仅需要发布宏观举措,还需要研究其具体如何实现。生态资本运营与低碳经济发展,二者主体相一致,目标相吻合,都注重生态环境的长期有效改善,因此,生态资本运营是其低碳经济发展的重要实现途径。而且,要发展好低碳经济,就要树立生态资本运营意识,明晰生态资本运营形式和优化生态资本运营环境。